Unto Olwynn Laurel; Juliana Pelican; Istvan Wreath; and the commenting Members of the College of Arms,

Greetings from Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy, Brickbat Herald and Parhelium Herald for the Kingdom of Atenveldt!

The Atenveldt College of Heralds requests the consideration and registration of the following names and armory with the College of Arms.

Unless specifically stated, the submitter will accept any spelling and grammar corrections; all assistance is appreciated.

1. `Ā'isha al-Zakiyya bint Yazīd al-Mayūrqī : NEW NAME

The name is Arabic. All elements are found in “Arabic Names from al-Andalus,” Juliana de Luna ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/ ). `Ā'isha is a feminine 'ism/given name.
al-Zakiyya is a laqab/descriptive nickname, “the intelligent.”
Yazīd is a masculine 'ism.
al-Mayūrqī is a masculine nisba/locative nickname, “of/from Mallorca.”

The client desires a female name and is most interested in the language/culture of the name, that of Andalusia. She will not accept Major changes to the name.

2. Alistair Stewart: NEW NAME and DEVICE

Quarterly sable and azure, a cross argent charged with three triskeles in fess sable.

The name is Scots. The documentation provided only referenced the sources from which they were taken, with no photocopies of the book(s)/ URLs in question (one of the sources, The Clan Donald, has a 1900 publishing date, so it's a fair guess that very few heralds have copies of it to corroborate the information).

That being said, Alastair is cited in Black, coming from Alasdair, the Gaelic form of Alexander (p. 14 s.n. Alastair); Gilbert, son of Donald, son of Alastair Mor, received a grant of lands in 1330 (p. 16 s.n. Alexander). The spelling Alistair has been registered several times by the College of Arms, most recently June 1995.

Stewart is found as a byname in “13th & 14th Century Scottish Names: The Surnames,” Symon Freser of Lovat ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14/scottish14_sur.html ).

3. Anastasia filia Maguch: NEW DEVICE

Argent, on a bend sable between two sheaves of lilacs purpure slipped and leaved vert banded purpure a peacock feather Or.

The name was registered November 2006.

4. Arthur O'Flaherty: NEW BADGE

Or, a sun gules charged with a dragon segreant contourny argent, a bordure gules.

The name was registered November 1989.

5. Bran Padraig of Antrim: CHANGE OF HOLDING NAME, from Bran of Twin Moons

The original name submission, Bran Padraig of Antrim, was returned by Laurel in July 2008 for two reasons: “ Neither double given names nor unmarked patronyms are attested in Irish Gaelic during our period (Bran Padraig). Barring evidence of their use, they are not registerable...the documentation for the byname of Antrim was not properly summarized, and this issue alone is grounds for return. Additionally, no photocopies of the documentation were provided, although the source cited is not an Appendix H source, which is also grounds for return. The College of Arms would've corrected both issues by dropping the locative byname and turning the second given name into a marked patronym, Bran mac Padraig, but the submitter did not allow Major Changes to his submission.”

Bran is a masculine Early Modern Irish Gaelic name (actually, it is found as early as the Oghnamic Irish period), according to “Index of Names in Irish Annals: Bran,” Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Bran.shtml.

Padraig is a masculine Early Modern Irish Gaelic name which doesn't lenite (“Index of Names in Irish Annals: Pádraig,” Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Padraig.shtml ).

mac is the standard patronymic particle found in Gaelic, “son of” (“Quick and Easy Gaelic Names,” 3rd Edition, Sharon L. Krossa, http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/ ). As noted in the original return, unmarked patronyms are not attested to in period Irish Gaelic, and in order to register both given name elements, this will have to be included in the final name.

Antrim is a county and a city in northeastern Ireland. A map on p. 311 of MacLysaght's The Surnames of Ireland, 6^th edition, shows the location of the Gaelic sept and the principal Hiberno-Norman families in the period after the Angl0-Norman invasion and before the upheavals of the 17^th C.; Antrim is the northeastern most county show, with an extensive shoreline. Unfortunately, this is not a period map, and trying to find a period map demonstrating the place name spelled as Antrim (or the Irish Gaelic form of Aon troim) has been nigh on impossible. Antrim was one of the first counties formed during the “Shiring of Ulster” in the 16^th C and that it was a recognized division of that region prior to the 14^th C:

"At what date the county of Antrim was formed is not known, but it appears that a certain district bore this name before the reign of Edward II (early 14th century), and when the shiring of Ulster was undertaken by Sir John Perrot in the 16th century, Antrim and Down were already recognized divisions, in contradistinction to the remainder of the province. The earliest known inhabitants were of Celtic origin, and the names of the townlands or subdivisions, supposed to have been made in the 13th century, are all of Gaelic derivation. Antrim was exposed to the inroads of the Danes, and also of the northern Scots, who ultimately effected permanent settlements. In ancient times, it was inhabited by a Celtic people called the Darini. In the early Middle Ages, southern County Antrim was part of the Kingdom of Ulidia, ruled by the Dál Fiatach clans O'Haughey/O'Hoey and MacDonlevy/McDunlavey; the north was part of Dal Riada, which stretched into western Scotland over the Irish Sea. Dal Riada was ruled by the O'Lynch clan, who were vassals of the Ulidians. Besides the Ulidians and Dal Riada, there were the Dal nAraide of lower County Antrim, and the Cruithne, who were not Gaelic Celts but Picts. In the late Middle Ages, it was divided into three parts: northern Clandeboy, the Glynnes and the Route. The Cambro-Norman MacQuillans were powerful in the Route. A branch of the O'Neills of Tyrone migrated to Clandeboy in the 1300s, and ruled it for a time. Their family was called O'Neill Clannaboy. A galloglass sept, the MacDonnells, became the most powerful in the Glynnes in the 1400s.” [ http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/County_Antrim ]

and
"The counties of Ireland were created between the late 12th century, when the Anglo Normans invaded, and the early 17th century and tend to follow the ancient lines drawn between powerful clan families. Dublin was the first county to be set up with a sheriff empowered with legal, military and administrative controls. From that point, the process of creating the counties of Ireland spread out mainly eastwards and did not reach the north until the early 1600s. Antrim and Down were the first Ulster counties created, with the rest remaining 'un-shired' until about 1585. It was Wicklow, however, that in 1606 became the very last of the counties of Ireland to be formed."

[ http://www.irish-genealogy-toolkit.com/counties-of-Ireland.html ]

From CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, is the text of "The History of Ireland” (Foras Feasa ar Éirinn (Book I-II)) (Author: Geoffrey Keating (Gaelic name Seathrún Céitinn, an Irish Roman Catholic priest and historian, c. 1569-c. 1644 ) written c. 1640. Citations in Section 23, pg 100-101 "... , as Raghnall son of Samhairle, Earl of Antrim, or Aondrom, descended from Colla Uais ..." http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100054/text033.html and "... , mar atá Raghnall mac Samhairle Iarla Antruim nó nAondroma ó Cholla Uais ..." ( http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100054/text032.html ) demonstrate what seems to be Gray Period, non-normalized English and Gaelic forms of the place. Many thanks (and a pair of new garden gloves!) to Ines Alfón for digging up a written source of the name!

The combination of Irish Gaelic and English name elements is one step from period practice. The client desires a male name. He will accept changes in order to register the name as close to Bran Padraig of Antrim as possible.

6. Caoilinn inghean Fhaelchon: NEW NAME CHANGE, from Duncan of Kilernan

The original name was registered January 1999. If the new name submission is registered, the client wishes to release the old name.

The name is Irish Gaelic. Caoilinn is found as the modern (post-period) form of the feminine given name Cáelfind, Cáelainn in Ó Corráin and MacGuire, Irish Names, p. 41. This source can no longer be used as a sole source of Irish Gaelic names. Regarding this form in the LoAR May 2009:

Cáelainn ingen Cháemgein hui Thaidc. Name. Submitted as Caoilinn ingen Chaoimhin Ó Taidc, there were numerous problems with the name. First, the given name Caoilinn was documented only as a modern Gaelic form. Modern spellings of Gaelic names are only registerable if it is demonstrated that they are also appropriate for the end of our period. Since Gaelic underwent two substantial spelling changes after 1600, once around the early 18th century and again in the middle of the 19th century, modern spellings of Gaelic names are very rarely also appropriate for before 1600. Earlier forms of Caoilinn are Cáelfind or Cáelainn; these are both early Irish forms. The only examples of Cáelfind or Cáelainn that we could find are of a saint who lived in the 6th or 7th C; she had a place named after her in the 13th C, so we know that the saint was known throughout the Old and Middle Irish era (c. 700-c.1200). This means that Cáelfind or Cáelainn is registerable as a saint's name in Old or Middle Irish contexts. Of these two spellings Cáelainn is closer to the submitted Caoilinn than Cáelfind is.

Fáelchú is an Old Irish Gaelic (c700-c900) masculine given name; its genitive form is Fáelchon, the closest we can get to the submitted form (“Index of Names in Irish Annals: Fáelchú,” Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Faelchu.shtml ). The construction of the name follows the standard pattern seen in “Quick and Easy Gaelic Names,” 3rd Edition Sharon L. Krossa ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname ).

The client desires a female name and is most interest in the meaning and language/culture of the name. She will not accept Major changes to the name.

Given the ruling by the College of Arms in May 2009, the name would probably be more accurate as Cáelainn inghean Fáelchon.

7. Colm Kile of Lochalsh: ALTERNATE NAME, Colm before the storm, and BADGE RESUBMISSIONS from Laurel, June 2010

Per bend sinister sable and azure, in bend an Aeolus argent blowing to sinister base, overall two scarpes Or.

The primary persona name was registered November 1993.

The original alternate name submission, Belching Tom Tupper, was returned for obstrusive modernity; multiple commenters agreed that the combination of Tupper and of Ware creates an obtrusive reference to the modern commercial product Tupperware. Therefore, it falls afoul of the precedent: “The fact that this is a "joke name" is not, in and of itself, a problem. The College has registered a number of names, perfectly period in formation, that embodied humor: Drew Steele, Miles Long, and John of Somme Whyre spring to mind as examples. They may elicit chuckles (or groans) from the listener, but no more. Intrusively modern names grab the listener by the scruff of the neck and haul him, will he or nill he, back into the 20th Century. A name that, by its very presence, destroys any medieval ambience is not a name we should register. (Porsche Audi, Returned, LoAR 08/92, pg. 28)” Additionally, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that Belching is a reasonable byname, or that bynames like this could be prepended (placed before the given name). This is a complete redesign of the name.

Colm is an element of the client's registered primary persona name. Withycombe comments that it is the Irish (Gaelic) form of the name Columba, with St. Columba (b. 521) noted as the apostle of the Picts (3^rd edition, p. 71 s.n. Colum, Colm).

before the storm is a coined byname based on similar period English epithets that incorporate prepositional phrases. Reaney and Wilson demonstrate several locatives as Underhill, Underwood, Underwater (3^rd edition, pp. 461-462); “By” bynames, Byfield, Byatt (“dweller by the gate”), Byford (p. 77); “Over” bynames suggesting a resident living beyond a noted landmark, include Overend, Overwater, Overbeck (“beyond the stream”) (p. 333). Jonsjo's Studies on Middle English Nicknames I. Compounds, shows several names using With-, “with,” Withnose, With the Bouton, Withthewell, p. 192. Jonsjo also shows Gabyfore, from the OE “to go” = “before”, as one who walks before a procession (likely an official of some sort), p. 93 s.n. Gabyfore. Storm as a byname meaning “storm,” is seen in 1206 (Reaney and Wilson, p. 430 s.n. Storm).

Given the construction of these bynames, this byname might be more accurate as Beforethestorm.

The combination of Irish Gaelic and English elements in a single name is one step from period practice.

The original badge submission, Per fess sable platy and argent, a three-fingered cubit arm aversant inverted issuant from chief argent and a three-footed covered kettle sable., was returned for the following reasons: “Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as a hand in benediction, such a hand is apaumy with the thumb and first two fingers raised, the others curled in to the palm. The charge in chief is a hand aversant with two fingers and a thumb. Such a hand was returned on the December 2007 LoAR: "This device is returned for lack of documentation of the use of a hand with three fingers as used in this submission." No such documentation was provided with this submission, and none could be found.” The badge is a complete redesign. The new submission is very similar to (and would likely conflict with, if this weren't the same individual) with his registered badge, Per bend sinister sable and azure, two scarpes Or, overall a cloud argent.

8. Helena de Argentoune: NEW ALTERNATE NAME, Helen Welez, and NEW BADGE

(Fieldless) A wagon wheel per bend sable and gules enflamed Or.

The primary persona name was registered October 1985.

Helen is an feminine English given name dated to 1438 in “Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames: Helen,” Talan Gwynek ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Helen ).

Welez is an English byname from “Names from 15th Century York,” Karen Larsdatter ( http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/york15/ ).

The tinctures and line of division are found in her registered device, Per bend sable and gules, a simurgh volant bendwise Or., and her badge, Per bend sable and gules, a bordure Or.

9. Johann der Becker von Aschersleben: NEW NAME

The name is German. Johann is a masculine given name, “John.”

Becker is an occupational byname meaning “baker”; both are found in “German Names from 1495,” Araynhwy merch Catmael

( http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/german1495.html )

Aschersleben is a German town in Saxony-Anhalt ( http://www.aschersleben.de/cms/englisch/history/ ); it is the oldest town in Saxony-Anhalt, with a long history prior to 1600. It was conquered in the 11^th C by the Ascaniers and Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär). In the 12th C, it became the county center, serving as a place of administration and trials. In 1266 Aschersleben received its town charter from Heinrich II. The town wall was built in the 14^th C, and large parts of the wall are still well-preserved and can be seen along a green promenade walk.

The client desires a male name and is most interested in the meaning of the name, “John the Baker from Aschersleben.”

10. John Ailewrde: DEVICE RESUBMISSION from Laurel, September 2009

Per pale vert and gules, in pale three wolves dormant contourny argent

The name was registered September 2009.

The original device submission, Per pale vert and gules, in pale three wolves dormant argent., was returned for conflict with the device of Derrick of Kent, Per chevron enhanced gules and sable, in base in pale three wolves couchant argent. “There is a CD for the field, but Derrick's line of division is nearly at the top of the field and the wolves in that design fill most of the field, as do the ones in John's submission. There is no difference granted for the change from couchant to dormant.” There is now 1 CD for field difference and 1 CD for orientation of the primary charges.

11. Kedivor Tal ap Cadugon: NEW ALTERNATE NAME, Oygudei Chagan Bar

The primary persona name was registered December 1999.

The name is Mongolian. Oyugun means “wise, wisdom,” (“On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names,” Baras-aghur Naran, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/baras-aghur/mongolian.html ). The same source notes that The -dai/-dei suffix shows possession (as do similar suffixes -tai and -tei); a name such as Chagatai, constructed from the root chagan (“white”), which means “he who is white,” likely someone with a pale complexion or perhaps a lighter hair color than one might expect. Hence the byname Oyugudei would mean “he who has/possesses wisdom.” It also seems, from the example and others in Gronbech and Kruegar, that the terminal -n is omitted to form this type of descriptive term.

Chagan means “white” and Bar means “tiger” (An Introduction to Classical (Literary) Mongolian, K. Gronbech and J.R. Kruger, Ottoe Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1976 ISBN 3-447-01661-2, p. 65 as čaγan...transliterated as chagan (white) p. 63 (tiger); it seems that the word for tiger is bars. I've found the term for white transliterated as Chaghagan, Chaghan and Cagan, so Chagan isn't unreasonable. Chagan Bar is a descriptive name, “White Tiger.” I would tend to make a compound name from this, Chaganbar(s), as is noted in Gülügjab Tangghudai's article “Researching Mongol Names in the SCA” ( http://silverhorde.viahistoria.com/main.html?research/ResearchingMongolNames.html ) of <adjective+noun>. The order of name elements appears to be changeable, often just because one order “sounds better” than another (“Mongolian Naming Practices,” Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy), so “Wise X” is just as likely as “X the Wise.”

The client desires a male name, and is most interested in the meaning of the name “wise white tiger.”

12. Raffaelle de Mallorca: RESUBMISSION from Laurel June 2009 as a NEW ALTERNATE NAME, Robert Loud of Greater Snoring

The primary persona name was registered June 1995.

The name is English. Robert is a masculine given name, found in the Domesday Book with this spelling, 1066 (Reaney and Wilson, 3^rd edition, p. 380 s.n. Robert); it is also the client's legal given name.

Loud is a surname with this spelling dated to 1242, from the OE hlūd, “loud” (R&W, 3^rd edition, p. 285 s.n. Loud).
Great and Little Snoring are villages found in Norfolk; the locative surname Snoryng is dated to 1351 and 1379 (R&W, 3^rd ed., p. 416 s.n. Snoring). The closest name I can find to this submission is Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in NW England: that name was created in 1974 (prior to that, it was simply Manchester). It seems that it's an informal geographical descriptive otherwise, not an official part of a city name (e.g., greater Los Angeles area).

The client desires a male name, is most interested in the meaning of the name, and will not accept Major changes to the name.

13. Stephan MacGrath: CHANGE OF HOLDING NAME from Stephan of Atenveldt, November 2007

The previous name submission, Stephan MCGrath, was returned for the following reasons:

“Precedent, established on the September 2007 Cover Letter, requires that the scribal abbreviation Mc be expanded to Mac in Gaelic, Scots, and Anglicized Irish names: "Given this, then, for names found in Scots documents and for Anglicized Irish names, the abbreviations M' and Mc will be expanded to Mac in both first- and second-generation patronymics. For Latin, M' and Mc will be expanded as Mac in first- generation patronymics and as either Mac or Mic, depending on similar expanded Latin examples in contemporary sources, or, preferably, from the same document. Similarly, the parallel abbreviation Vc will be expanded to Vic or Vyc depending on the practice of the time and document in which it is found; this applies to Scots, Anglicized Irish, and Latin documents. For all languages, the capitalization used in the source may be retained (that is to say Mac and mac are interchangeable in this context as are Vyc/Vic and vyc/vic)."

“The submitter has noted that he will not accept minor changes, which we must interpret as accepting no changes. As he will accept no change, we are forced to return this name.

“In resubmitting, the submitter should use a dated form of his surname. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MACCRAITH, has these forms McRethe, 1537 (MacRethe with the scribal abbreviation expanded), Makcreith, 1535, McCraith 1545 (MacCraith with the scribal abbreviation expanded), M'Krayth 1584 (MacKrayth with the scribal abbreviation expanded), and M'Kraith, 1603 (MacKraith with the scribal abbreviation expanded). In addition, we have found several examples of the spelling Magrath that are likely period spellings. "Annates for the Diocese of Emly", (http://www.ryans.org/researchinfo/annates%20-%20fiants-1452%20-%201603-Tipperary.htm), contains several examples of Magrath dated to 1602, including Terence or Tirlagh MaGrath of Ballimacky, Terence or Tirlagh MaGrath of Ballimacky, Barnaby MaGrath of Bleyne, Neile MaGrath Brother of Miler of Camass, Gyllepatrick MaGrath of Bleynie, and Andrew Ultagh MaGrath. William Burke, History of Clonmel, notes a report from a spy in 1615 in the British Museum which notes a "Thoma Magrath had a father a fryer..." In resubmitting, we would recommend any of the dated forms in Black, or the spelling Magrath (also in the capitalization MaGrath. His armory has been registered under the holding name Stephan of Atenveldt.”

MacGrath is noted in Black to be a Irish form of the Gaelic Macrath (Macrae), but it is undated (3^rd edition, p. 505 s.n. MacGrath). The client desires a male name and is most interested in this spelling. In working with the client, having the full Mac and the Gr- appear to be the most important aspects of the spelling, maintaining those letters; he'd be a happy camper with something as close to MacGrath as possible.

14. Tanne Atzler: NEW NAME

The name is German.

Tanne is a masculine given name dated to 1425, in Seibicke, Historisches Deutsches Vornamenbuch, bd. 4. p. 177 s.n. Tanno.

Atzler is a byname found in Bahlow's German Names, 2^nd edition, p. 20.

15. Tomyris Benenati : NEW NAME and DEVICE

Azure vetu ployé, a lucy naiant embowed counterembowed argent.

The name is Italian. Tomyris is found in Academy of Saint Gabriel report 3006 ( http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/3006.txt ): “We also know, as you discovered, that <Tomyris> was used by a late 15th century northern Italian woman, <Tomyris Macachio>.” The citations for this are "RAMUSIO", LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia (WWW: LoveToKnow, 2003, 2004).

http://41.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RA/RAMUSIO.htm (a dead link) and Internet Archive,

http://web.archive.org/web/20060502165731/http://41.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RA/RAMUSIO.htm . Googling Tomyris Macachio has several hits. She was wife of the artist Paolo Ramusio, Paolo The Elder (c. 1443-1506) according to http://www.artandpopularculture.com/Paolo_Ramusio . Benenati is a patronymic, “of Benato, found in Caracausi, Girolamo, Dizionario Onomastico della Sicilia, Girolamo Caracusi, 1994, s.n. Benenati, "da lat. crist. Benenātus 'nato bene'... cfr... magister Benenatus medicus (a. 1287), Bonanatus Algerius (a. 1292). Maridonna's translation of the citation: of the Christian Latin Benenātus 'good birth'[or possibly 'good son']... compare... master Benanatus doctor (a. 1287), Bonanatus man from algeria (a. 1292). The byname is also found in Dizionario Dei Cognomi Pugliesi, Pantoleo Mierrvini, pp. 86-87 s.n. Bène.

16. Wolffgang Von Luxemburg: NEW NAME

Wolffgang is a masculine German name found in “German Names from Nürnberg, 1497,” Sara L. Uckelman

( http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/nurnberg1497.html ).

Luxemburg is found in Bahlow's Deutschlands Geogrphische Namenwelt, Suhrkamp taschenbach, p. 313, where “Luxen-kopf --> Luxmburg.” This is somewhat confusing; is the more period form of the locative Luxen(-)kopf? Nonetheless, the byname was registered to Konrad von Luxemburg August 2010, and it was noted in the August 2010 LoAR that “commenters were able to find the period spelling Lutzenburg ( http://www.luxemburgensia.bnl.lu/cgi/getPdf1_2.pl?mode=page&id=4801&option= ) and Luxembourg ( http://www.ideararemaps.com/immagine_en.asp?Lin=&ID=38 ) (both are found in the Braun & Hogenberg map of 1581-88). The submitted form is a reasonable interpolation between these documented forms.”

The preposition von should not be capitalized.

The client is most interested in the language/culture of the name (German) and will not accept Major Changes to the name.

I was assisted in the preparation of the Letter of Intent by Helena de Argentoune, James of the Lake, Ines Alfón and Maridonna Benvenuti.

This letter contains 6 new names, 1 new name change, 2 new alternate names, 3 new devices and 2 new badges. There are 2 changes of holding name, 2 alternate name resubmissions, 1 device resubmission and 1 badge resubmission. This is a total of 20 items, 16 of them new. A check to cover fees will be sent separately.

Thank you again for your great indulgence and patience, your expertise and your willingness to share it.

I remain,

Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy

c/o Linda Miku

2527 East 3rd Street; Tucson AZ 85716

atensubmissions.nexiliscom.com

brickbat@nexiliscom.com

Commonly-Cited References

Black, George F. The Surnames of Scotland.

Medieval Names Archive. http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/

Names Articles. SCA College of Arms. http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names.html

Ó Corráin, Donnchadh and Fidelma Maguire. Irish Names.

Reaney, P.H. and R. M. Wilson. A Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd Edition, 1997.

Withycombe, E.G., The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd Edition. London, Oxford University Press, 1977.